A Randomized Phase II Study of De-Intensified ChemoRadiation for Early-Stage Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (DECREASE)

Cancer Categories

Gastrointestinal (GI)

Karmanos Trial ID

EA2182

NCT ID

NCT04166318

Age Group

Adult

Scope

National

Phase

Phase II

Principal Investigator

Anthony
Shields, M.D., Ph.D.
Oncology - Medical View Profile

Objective:

Primary Objective:

To determine whether de-intensified chemoradiation for early stage SCCA is able to maintain excellent 2year disease control of 85% or higher while improving anorectal HRQL, compared to standard-dose CRT, as measured by the change in the FIQoL instrument coping/behavior domain from baseline to 1 year.

Secondary Objectives:

To compare changes in patient-reported outcomes (as per FISI, PROMIS, IIEF, SVQ, and VAS/VuAS instruments) between the experimental and control arm.
To compare patterns of failure (local and regional relapse versus distant; infield versus out-of-field of radiation), disease control, and overall survival between experimental and control arm.
To correlate vaginal dilator use during radiation delivery with sexual function.
To measure changes in serum total testosterone from baseline to up to 12 months after radiation.
To validate the utility of image features of inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes obtained prior to treatment as a prognostic indicator that can identify patients with early-stage anal squamous cell carcinoma for whom treatment with de-intensified chemo-radiation is appropriate.
To determine whether an online, interactive educational tool (eContour) may improve the quality of radiation target delineation for anal cancer.
To determine the incidence of and predictors for cardiovascular toxicity in patients receiving 5-FU or Capecitabine.

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Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

Patient must have histologically proven T1-2N0M0 invasive anal canal or anal margin squamous cell carcinoma with tumors measuring =< 4 cm within 4 weeks prior to randomization. This may include tumors of non-keratinizing histology such as basaloid, transitional cell or cloacogenic histology. Patients with T1N0M0 anal margin squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgical excision with negative margins are not eligible
Patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative must not have lymph nodes that are radiographically-concerning for cancer involvement using computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT-based criteria. Measurable disease is not required

Patients who are HIV-negative and do not have lymph nodes classified as lymph node positive, but are felt to be borderline for cancer involvement must undergo central imaging review

NOTE: Patients requiring central imaging review will be pre-registered to Arm S. Upon central confirmation of no lymph node involvement, eligible patients may proceed to randomization on Step 1

Patients will be considered to be lymph node (LN) positive and thereby not eligible in this study if the lymph nodes meet any of the following criteria:

Mesorectal, presacral, internal iliac or obturator LN with:

Short axis measuring > 5 mm based on CT / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) OR
Morphologic features of irregular border or central necrosis if assessed on MRI and LN measures > 3 mm OR
Fludeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG) uptake > blood pool (Deauville 3-5) based on PET/CT

External Iliac and common Iliac:

Short-axis measuring > 1 cm based on CT / MRI OR
Morphologic features of irregular border or central necrosis based on CT / MRI OR
FDG uptake > blood pool (Deauville 3-5) based on PET/CT

Inguinal LN (superficial and deep) meeting any of the following criteria will be ineligible unless an FNA is performed and resulting cytology is negative.

Morphologic features of irregular border or central necrosis based on CT / MRI
FDG uptake > liver (Deauville 4) based on PET/CT.
Patients who are HIV-negative and have inguinal lymph nodes that do not meet the above criteria must undergo fine needle aspiration and have negative histology to be eligible.

Patients who are HIV-positive must have

A CD4 count >= 300
Confirmation of no lymph node involvement by central real-time review of imaging

NOTE: Patients will be pre-registered to Arm S. Upon central confirmation of no lymph node involvement, eligible patients may proceed to randomization on Step 1

Patient must have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) - American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) performance status of 0-2
Patient must have no history of prior radiation or chemotherapy for this malignancy
Patient must not have had prior potentially curative surgery (i.e. abdominal-perineal resection) for carcinoma of the anus
Patients with excisional biopsy procedure are eligible provided there was tumor involvement of the anal canal and/or anal verge prior to resection
Patient must not be receiving any other standard anti-cancer therapy or experimental agent concurrently with the study drugs
Patient must not have intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection or psychiatric/social situations that, in the judgement of the investigator, would limit compliance with study requirements
Patient must not have had significant cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, transient ischemic attack, symptomatic coronary artery disease, symptomatic congestive heart failure, or uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia within 6 months of randomization
Patient must not have a history of a different malignancy unless they have been disease-free for at least 2 years and are deemed by the investigator to be at low risk of recurrence

Individuals with the following cancers are eligible if diagnosed and treated within the past 5 years: cervical cancer in situ and basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

Patient must not have active autoimmune or connective disease
Patients who are on anti-coagulation with warfarin within 2 weeks prior to registration and are considering the use of capecitabine, must use an alternative anti-coagulant

NOTE: Low molecular weight heparin is permitted provided the patient's prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) is < 1.5

Patients who will receive capecitabine and are on Dilantin for a seizure disorder must have Dilantin levels checked weekly
Hemoglobin > 10 g/dL (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
Platelets >= 100,000/mm^3 (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
Absolute neutrophil count >= 1500/mm^3 (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
Serum creatinine must be < 1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN), or calculated creatinine clearance must be > 60 ml/min (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
Total bilirubin must be < 2 X ULN (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 X institutional ULN (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
Albumin >= 3.0 g/dL (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding because the study treatment administered may cause harm to an unborn fetus or breastfeeding child. All females of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 2 weeks prior to registration to rule out pregnancy. A female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has achieved menarche at some point, 2) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males must be strongly advised to use accepted and effective method(s) of contraception or to abstain from sexual intercourse for the duration of their participation in the study and for at least 6 months after the completion of treatment

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Therapies, Drugs, Devices