|
abdomen
|
belly, stomach
|
|
abdominal distention
|
bloating
|
|
absorb
|
take up fluids, take in
|
|
acid taste
|
sour taste
|
|
acidosis
|
condition when blood contains more acid than normal
|
|
acuity
|
clearness, keenness, esp. of vision and airways
|
|
acute
|
new, recent, sudden, urgent
|
|
acute cholecystitis
|
gall stones, which may cause upper abdominal pain and require hospitalization and surgery
|
|
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
|
Cancer of bone marrow cells (See also Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
|
|
adenopathy
|
swollen lymph nodes (glands)
|
|
adjuvant
|
helpful, assisting, aiding, supportive
|
|
adjuvant treatment
|
added treatment (usually to a standard treatment)
|
|
adverse effect
|
side effect, bad reaction, unwanted response
|
|
agent
|
drug, medication
|
|
albumin
|
protein found in blood
|
|
allergic reaction
|
rash, hives, swelling, trouble breathing
|
|
alopecia
|
loss of hair
|
|
ambulate/ambulation/
ambulatory
|
walk, able to walk
|
|
analgesic
|
pain-relieving drug
|
|
anaphylaxis
|
serious, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction
|
|
anasarca
|
build up of fluid throughout the whole body, which occurs in severely ill people
|
|
anemia
|
low number of red blood cells, can causes tiredness and shortness of breath. May require a blood transfusion
|
|
anesthetic
|
a drug or agent used to decrease the feeling of pain, or eliminate the feeling of pain by putting you to sleep
|
|
angina
|
chest pain due to decreased oxygen getting to the heart.
|
|
angina pectoris
|
pain resulting from not enough blood flowing to the heart
|
|
anorexia
|
lack of appetite
|
|
antecubital
|
related to the inner side of the forearm
|
|
antibody
|
protein made in the body in response to foreign substance
|
|
antibiotic
|
drug that kills bacteria and other germs
|
|
anticonvulsant
|
drug used to prevent seizures
|
|
antiemetic
|
medication to prevent nausea/vomiting
|
|
antilipemic
|
a drug that lowers fat levels in the blood
|
|
antimicrobial
|
drug that kills bacteria and other germs
|
|
antiretroviral
|
drug that works against the growth of certain viruses
|
|
antitussive
|
a drug used to relieve coughing
|
|
aplastic anemia
|
a disorder caused by decreased production of red blood cells
|
|
approximately
|
about
|
|
arrhythmia
|
irregular heart beat; any change from the normal heartbeat
|
|
arterial thrombosis
|
blood clot in an artery that blocks the artery. This could be serious and life threatening
|
|
arterial catheter
|
small tube placed in an artery
|
|
arthralgia
|
joint pain
|
|
ascites
|
build up of fluid in the abdomen, which causes bloating and discomfort. This could require that the fluid be removed by a procedure called paracentesis
|
|
aspiration
|
fluid entering the lungs, such as after vomiting
|
|
assay
|
lab test
|
|
assess
|
to learn about, measure, evaluate, look at
|
|
asthenia
|
feeling weak and having no energy
|
|
asthma
|
lung disease associated with tightening of air passages, making breathing difficult
|
|
asymptomatic
|
without symptoms
|
|
autoimmune enteritis
|
This is when your immune system attacks normal cells in your body, including the cells that line your digestive tract. This may result in bleeding and inflammation of the esophagus, bowel (intestines), and lower gi tract (colon), which can cause bleeding, diarrhea and perforations (holes). This could be serious or life threatening. Hospitalization and treatment with medications (steroids) may be necessary. This can become severe and may require surgical removal of parts of the intestines or colon. These surgical procedures might result in your having a stoma (hole) though which digested food passes
|
|
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
|
Destruction of red blood cells by a person’s own immune system
|
|
axilla
|
armpit
|
|
B
|
|
|
baseline
|
1. Information gathered at the beginning of a study from which variations found in the study are measured. 2. A known value or quantity with which an unknown is compared when measured or assessed. 3. The initial time point in a clinical trial, just before a participant starts to receive the experimental treatment which is being tested. At this reference point, measurable values such as cd4 count are recorded. Safety and efficacy of a drug are often determined by monitoring changes from the baseline values.
|
|
benefit
|
a valued or desired outcome; an advantage
|
|
benign
|
not malignant, without serious consequences
|
|
BID
|
twice a day
|
|
bilirubinemia
|
high levels of bilirubin in the blood
|
|
bioavailability
|
the extent to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the body
|
|
binding / bound
|
carried by, to make stick together, transported
|
|
bioavailability
|
the extent to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the body
|
|
biologic
|
any therapeutic serum, toxin, anti-toxin, or analogous microbial product applicable to the prevention, treatment, or cure of diseases or injuries
|
|
biopsy
|
removal and examination of tissue
|
|
blind
|
a randomized trial is "blind" if the participant is not told which arm of the trial he is on
|
|
bolus
|
a large amount given all at once
|
|
bone mass
|
the amount of calcium and other minerals in a given amount of bone
|
|
bowel perforation
|
perforation of the digestive system
|
|
bradycardia
|
slow heartbeat
|
|
brain stem edema
|
accumulation of fluid around the brain stem, this can be life threatening
|
|
bronchospasm
|
breathing distress caused by narrowing of the airways
|
|
C
|
|
|
carcinogenic
|
cancer-causing
|
|
carcinoma
|
type of cancer
|
|
cardiac
|
related to the heart
|
|
cardiac arrest
|
sudden, unexpected stopping of the heart.
|
|
cardiac effusion
|
collection of fluid around the heart
|
|
cardiac toxicity
|
damage to the heart
|
|
cardiomyopathy
|
heart muscle becomes damaged and the heart doesn’t pump properly
|
|
cardiovascular
|
heart and blood vessels
|
|
cardioversion
|
return to normal heartbeat by electric shock
|
|
case study
|
a research strategy that focuses on one case (an individual, a group, an organization, etc.) within its social context during one time period
|
|
catheter
|
a tube for withdrawing or giving fluids
|
|
central nervous system (CNS)
|
brain and spinal cord
|
|
cerebral trauma
|
damage to the brain
|
|
cessation
|
stopping
|
|
CHD
|
coronary heart disease
|
|
chemotherapy
|
treatment of disease, usually cancer, by chemical agents
|
|
chronic
|
continuing for a long time, ongoing
|
|
clinical
|
pertaining to medical care
|
|
clinical trial
|
a type of research study
|
|
cluster sample
|
a probability sample that is determined by randomly selecting clusters of people from a population and subsequently selecting every person in each cluster for inclusion in the sample
|
|
cognitively impaired
|
having either a psychiatric disorder (e.g., psychosis, neurosis, personality or behavior disorders, or dementia) or a developmental disorder (e.g., mental retardation) that affects cognitive or emotional functions to the extent that capacity for judgment and reasoning is significantly diminished
|
|
cohort
|
a group of subjects initially identified as having one or more characteristics in common who are followed over time
|
|
coma
|
unconscious state
|
|
compassionate use
|
providing experimental therapy prior to final FDA approval for use in humans
|
|
compensation
|
payment or medical care provided to subjects injured in research; does not refer to payment (remuneration) for participation in research
|
|
competence
|
a legal term to indicate a person’s capacity to act on one’s own behalf; a person’s ability to understand information presented, to realize the consequences of acting (or not acting) on that information, and to make a choice.
|
|
complete response
|
total disappearance of disease
|
|
confounding factor
|
any factor that might serve as an alternative explanation for a study’s result; confounding factors include non-randomized samples, selection bias, and any arbitrary differences between people that are being compared.
|
|
congenital
|
present before birth
|
|
conjunctivitis
|
redness and irritation of the thin membrane that covers the eye
|
|
consolidation phase
|
treatment phase intended to make a remission permanent (follows induction phase)
|
|
constipation
|
difficulty passing stools
|
|
contract
|
an agreement
|
|
contraindicated
|
disadvantageous, perhaps dangerous; a treatment that should not be used in certain individuals or conditions due to risks. For instance, a drug may be contraindicated for pregnant women and people with high blood pressure
|
|
control group
|
in many clinical trials, one group of patients will be given an experimental drug or treatment, while the control group is given either a standard treatment for the illness or a placebo
|
|
controlled trial
|
research study in which the experimental treatment or procedure is compared to a standard (control) treatment or procedure
|
|
convenience sample
|
a non-probability sample that is determined by selecting participants that are readily accessible (convenient) to the researcher, (examples in studies of Stanford students might include going to an organizational meeting or hanging out outside of rastall and asking students exiting the lunchroom to take a survey)
|
|
cooperative group
|
association of multiple institutions to perform clinical trials
|
|
coronary
|
related to the blood vessels that supply the heart, or to the heart itself
|
|
CT scan (CAT scan)
|
computerized series of x-rays
|
|
cross-over design
|
a type of clinical trial in which each subject experiences, at different times, both the experimental and control therapy
|
|
culture
|
test for infection, or for organisms that could cause infection
|
|
cumulative
|
added together from the beginning
|
|
cutaneous
|
relating to the skin
|
|
CVA
|
stroke
|
|
D
|
|
|
debilitation
|
weakened condition
|
|
dehydrate
|
lose water or body fluids
|
|
dermatitis
|
skin irritation, rash
|
|
dermatologic
|
pertaining to the skin
|
|
deteriorate
|
condition to grow worse
|
|
diarrhea
|
frequent, loose watery stools, which can cause dehydration and may require hospitalization and treatment with intravenous fluids
|
|
diastolic
|
lower number in a blood pressure reading
|
|
distal
|
toward the end, away from the center of the body
|
|
distal parathesias
|
numbness and tingling in the hands and feet.
|
|
diuretic
|
water pill or drug that causes increase in urination
|
|
doppler
|
device using sound waves to diagnose or test
|
|
double-blind design
|
study in which neither investigators nor subjects know what drug or treatment the subject is receiving
|
|
duration
|
length of time involved
|
|
dysplasia
|
abnormal cells
|
|
E
|
|
|
echocardiogram
|
using sound waves for examination of the heart
|
|
edema
|
build up of fluid in the body causing swelling.
|
|
EEG
|
electric brain wave tracing
|
|
efficacy
|
effectiveness
|
|
electrocardiogram
|
electrical tracing of the heartbeat (ECG or EKG)
|
|
electrolyte changes
|
an imbalance of minerals in the blood; changes in electrolytes (body salts), which usually do not cause any symptoms but that can sometimes cause fatigue, muscle weakness, cramping, rigidity, irregular heart beat, or seizures
|
|
elevated lipase, amylase
|
may indicate inflammation of the pancreas, which could result in abdominal pain and discomfort and could require hospitalization and intravenous treatment
|
|
elevated uric acid levels
|
may worsen kidney function; cause joint pain (gout) and kidney stones
|
|
emesis
|
vomiting, throwing up
|
|
empirical
|
based on experimental data, not on a theory.
|
|
encephalopathy
|
disease of the brain that severely alters thinking.
|
|
endoscopic examination
|
examination of an internal part of the body with a lighted tube
|
|
endpoint
|
overall outcome that the protocol is designed to evaluate
|
|
enteral
|
by way of the intestines
|
|
enzyme
|
a chemical in the blood that causes chemical changes
|
|
epidemiology
|
The branch of medical science that deals with the study of incidence and distribution and control of a disease in a population.
|
|
epidural
|
outside the spinal cord
|
|
epistaxis
|
bloody nose
|
|
erythema
|
redness of the skin
|
|
evaluated, assessed
|
examined for a medical condition
|
|
excrete
|
discharge, pass
|
|
expanded access
|
refers to any of the FDA procedures, such as compassionate use, parallel track, and treatment IND that distribute experimental drugs to participants who are failing on currently available treatments for their condition and also are unable to participate in ongoing clinical trials
|
|
experimental drug
|
a drug that is not FDA licensed for use in humans, or as a treatment for a particular condition
|
|
experimental group
|
the group in an experimental design study that receives treatment in the form, or in various forms, of the independent variable
|
|
external
|
outside the body
|
|
extravasate
|
to leak outside of a planned area, such as out of a blood vessel
|
|
F
|
|
|
fatigue
|
feeling tired
|
|
fetus
|
unborn baby
|
|
fever
|
abnormally high body temperature
|
|
fibrillation
|
irregular beat of the heart or other muscle
|
|
fibrosis
|
scars
|
|
fibrous
|
having many fibers, such as scar tissue
|
|
fluoroscope
|
x-ray machine
|
|
fungus
|
form of infection
|
|
G
|
|
|
gait
|
walk
|
|
gastrointestinal
|
stomach and intestines
|
|
general anesthesia
|
pain prevention by giving drugs to cause loss of consciousness, as during surgery
|
|
genetic screening
|
tests to identify persons who have an inherited predisposition to a certain phenotype or who are at risk of producing offspring with inherited diseases or disorders
|
|
genotype
|
the genetic makeup of an individual
|
|
gestational
|
pertaining to pregnancy
|
|
H
|
|
|
headache
|
pain in the head
|
|
heart palpitations
|
heart beats that are fast and hard
|
|
hematocrit
|
amount of red blood cells in the blood
|
|
hematoma
|
blood clot
|
|
hematuria
|
blood in urine
|
|
Hemodynamic measuring
|
measuring of blood flow
|
|
hemolysis
|
breakdown in red blood cells
|
|
hemolytic uremic syndrome
|
red blood cells begin to dissolve, which leave wastes in the blood and the kidneys are unable to get rid of excess fluid and wastes
|
|
hemoptysis
|
vomiting blood
|
|
hemorrhage
|
loss of blood (heavy bleeding)
|
|
hemorrhagic cystitis
|
inflammation of the bladder with severe bleeding
|
|
heparin lock
|
needle placed in the arm with blood thinner to keep the blood from clotting
|
|
hepatoma
|
cancer or tumor of the liver
|
|
heritable disease
|
disease that can be transmitted to one’s offspring, resulting in damage to future children
|
|
high thyroid function
|
may cause fatigue, weight loss, rapid heartbeat, sweating, trouble with heat, nervousness
|
|
histopathologic
|
pertaining to the disease status of body tissues or cells
|
|
holter monitor
|
a portable machine for recording heart beats
|
|
hormone
|
a chemical in the body
|
|
hypercalcemia
|
high levels of calcium in the blood
|
|
hyperkalemia
|
high levels of potassium in the blood, which can cause the heart to stop beating
|
|
hyperkeratosis
|
thickening of the skin, nails.
|
|
hypernatremia
|
high blood sodium level
|
|
hyperpigmentation
|
darkening of the skin
|
|
hyperpyrexia
|
high body temperature, a fever.
|
|
hypertension
|
high blood pressure
|
|
hyperuricemia
|
excess amount of uric acid in the blood, gout, which can cause pain in the joints
|
|
hypokalemia
|
decreased levels of potassium in the blood, which can cause irregular heart beat
|
|
hypomagnesemia
|
low magnesium, which may result in muscle cramps, weakness, tremors or irregular heartbeat
|
|
hyponatremia
|
decreased levels of sodium in the blood, which can cause confusion, seizures, fatigue and low levels of consciousness
|
|
hypophosphatemia
|
low phosphate, which may result in muscle weakness, bone pain, confusion and muscle breakdown
|
|
hypopigmentation / vitiligo
|
patches of the skin turn lighter than the surrounding skin
|
|
hypotensive
|
low blood pressure
|
|
hypoxemia
|
a decrease of oxygen in the blood
|
|
hypoxia
|
a decrease of oxygen reaching body tissues
|
|
hysterectomy
|
surgical removal of the uterus, ovaries (female sex glands), or both uterus and ovaries
|
|
I
|
|
|
iatrogenic
|
caused by a physician or by treatment
|
|
idiopathic
|
of unknown cause
|
|
immunity
|
defense against, protection from
|
|
immunization
|
administration of a substance to prevent disease
|
|
immunoglobin
|
a protein that makes antibodies
|
|
immunological effects
|
effect on the immune system
|
|
immunosuppressive
|
drug which works against the body's immune (protective) response, often used in transplantation and diseases caused by immune system malfunction
|
|
immunotherapy
|
giving of drugs to help the body's immune (protective) system; usually used to destroy cancer cells
|
|
Impaired function
|
abnormal function
|
|
implanted
|
placed in the body
|
|
induction
|
Start the initial treatment of disease name
|
|
induration
|
hardening
|
|
indwelling
|
remaining in a given location, such as a catheter
|
|
infarct
|
death of tissue due to lack of blood supply
|
|
infectious disease
|
disease that is transmitted from one person to the next
|
|
inflammation
|
Swolling that is generally red, warm, and painful
|
|
infusion
|
slow injection of a substance into the body, usually into the blood by means of a catheter
|
|
ingestion
|
eating; taking by mouth
|
|
insomnia
|
inability to sleep
|
|
interferon
|
drug which acts against viruses; antiviral agent
|
|
intermittent
|
occurring (regularly or irregularly) between two time points; repeatedly stopping, then starting again
|
|
internal
|
within the body
|
|
interstitial pneumonitis,
pneumonitis
|
inflammation of the lungs, which can cause shortness of breath and difficulty breathing
|
|
intramuscular
|
into the muscle; within the muscle
|
|
intraperitoneal
|
into the abdominal cavity
|
|
intrathecal
|
into the spinal fluid
|
|
intravenous (IV)
|
through the vein
|
|
intravesical
|
in the bladder
|
|
intubate
|
the placement of a tube into the airway
|
|
Investigational
|
the study drug [device or biologic] is still being tested in research studies and is not approved for this use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
|
|
irradiation
|
x-ray
|
|
ischemia
|
decreased oxygen in a tissue (usually because of decreased blood flow)
|
|
J
|
|
|
jaundice
|
yellowing of the skin
|
|
L
|
|
|
laparotomy
|
Surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the abdominal wall so the doctor can look at the organs inside.
|
|
Lesion
|
wound or injury; a diseased patch of skin
|
|
lethargy
|
sleepiness, tiredness
|
|
leukopenia
|
low white blood cell count
|
|
lipid
|
fat
|
|
lipid profile
|
fat and cholesterol levels in the blood
|
|
localized
|
limited to one area
|
|
low blood sugar /
hypoglycemia
|
abnormal decrease in sugar in the blood, which can cause weakness, fatigue, and if severe, can cause loss of consciousness
|
|
low thyroid function
|
may cause fatigue, weight gain, fluid retention, feeling cold, decreased cognitive function
|
|
low white cell count
|
increased risk of infection
|
|
lumen
|
the cavity of an organ or tube (e.g., blood vessel)
|
|
lymphangiography
|
an x-ray of the lymph nodes or tissues after injecting dye into lymph vessels
(e.g., in feet)
|
|
lymphocyte
|
a type of white blood cell important in immunity (protection) against infection
|
|
lymphoma
|
a cancer of the lymph nodes (or tissues)
|
|
M
|
|
|
maintenance
|
the continued long term control of the disease
|
|
malaise
|
a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, feeling badly
|
|
malfunction
|
condition in which something is not functioning properly
|
|
malignancy
|
cancer or other progressively enlarging and spreading tumor, usually fatal if not successfully treated
|
|
medullablastoma
|
a type of brain tumor
|
|
megaloblastosis
|
change in red blood cells
|
|
metabolic acidosis
|
the body becomes more acid
|
|
metabolism
|
chemical changes which provide energy
|
|
metabolize
|
process of breaking down substances in the cells to obtain energy
|
|
metastasis
|
spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another
|
|
mobility
|
ease of movement
|
|
monitor
|
check on; keep track of; watch carefully
|
|
morbidity
|
undesired result or complication
|
|
mortality
|
death
|
|
motility
|
the ability to move
|
|
MRI
|
magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic pictures of the inside of the body, created using magnetic rather than x-ray energy
|
|
mucosa, mucous membrane
|
moist lining of digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts
|
|
mucositis/stomatitis
|
sores in the mouth and esophagus, which may be painful and cause difficulty swallowing
|
|
myalgia
|
muscle aches
|
|
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)/Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
|
A disorder that develops when the cells in the bone marrow (the soft inner part of the bones, where new blood cells are made) do not work properly and have problems making new blood cells.
|
|
myocardial
|
pertaining to the heart muscle
|
|
myocardial infarction
|
heart attack
|
|
N
|
|
|
nasogastric tube
|
tube placed in the nose, reaching to the stomach
|
|
nausea
|
feeling sick to the stomach
|
|
necrosis
|
death of tissue
|
|
neoplasia/neoplasm
|
tumor, may be benign or malignant
|
|
neuroblastoma
|
a cancer of nerve tissue
|
|
neurologic deficits
|
a neurologic deficit is a decrease in the function of the brain, spinal cord, muscles, and/or nerves
|
|
neurological
|
pertaining to the nervous system
|
|
neuropathy
|
damage to the nerves which can cause numbness, pain, and weakness
|
|
neutropenia
|
condition in which the number of white bloods cells called neutrophils is abnormally low
|
|
noninvasive
|
not breaking, cutting, or entering the skin
|
|
nosocomial
|
acquired in the hospital
|
|
O
|
|
|
occlusion
|
closing; blockage; obstruction
|
|
off-label use
|
a drug prescribed for conditions other than those approved by the FDA.
|
|
oncology
|
the study of tumors or cancer
|
|
ophthalmic
|
pertaining to the eye
|
|
opportunistic infections
|
an infection caused by an organism that usually does not cause illness, but causes disease when a person’s immune response (resistance) to infection is impaired
|
|
oral administration
|
by mouth
|
|
oropharynx
|
part of the back of the throat
|
|
orthopedic
|
pertaining to the bones
|
|
ostealgia
|
bone pain
|
|
osteopetrosis
|
rare bone disorder characterized by dense bone
|
|
osteoporosis
|
softening of the bones
|
|
ovaries
|
female sex glands
|
|
P
|
|
|
palpitation
|
feelings or sensations that your heart is pounding or racing
|
|
pancreatitis
|
inflammation of the pancreas causing pain in the upper abdomen
|
|
pancytopenia
|
abnormal decrease in the levels of all type of blood cells
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parenteral
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given by injection
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percutaneous
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through the skin
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peripheral
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not central
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peripheral blood
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vein blood
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pharmacogenetics
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the study of how the actions of and reactions to drugs vary with a person's genes
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pharmacokinetics
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the study of the way the body absorbs, distributes, and gets rid of a drug how long the study drug stays in your body
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pharmacodynamics
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the study of how the study drug acts on and in your body
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phenotype
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the physical manifestation of a gene function
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phlebitis
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irritation or inflammation of the vein
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placebo
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an inactive substance; a pill/liquid that contains no medicine
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placenta
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afterbirth
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plasma
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fluid found in the blood
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platelet
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part of blood that causes clots
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pleural effusion
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collection of fluid around the lungs in the chest cavity, which can cause shortness of breath and may require treatment
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potential
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possible
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potentiate
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to enhance or increase the effect of a drug by giving another drug at the same time
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prenatal
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before birth
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prone
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lying on the stomach
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prophylaxis
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use of drugs to prevent disease
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prosthesis
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artificial part, most often limbs, such as arms or legs
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proteinuria
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excess protein in the urine
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proximal
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closer to the center of the body, away from the end
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pruritis
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itchy skin
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psychosis
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nervous breakdown
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pulmonary
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pertaining to the lungs
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pulmonary embolism
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a blood clot that causes a sudden blockage in a lung artery, usually due to a blood clot that traveled to the lung from the leg
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pulmonary fibrosis
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tissue in the lungs becomes stiff making breathing difficult, resulting in shortness of breath, and if severe, can cause heart failure
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pulmonary hypertension
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abnormally high blood pressure in the blood vessels in the lungs, which makes it harder to pump blood into the lungs
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R
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radiation therapy
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x-ray or cobalt treatment
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random
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by chance (like the flip of a coin)
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randomization
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Replace with….You will be randomly placed (by chance, rather than by choice) in one of the study groups described below.
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Raynaud’s Syndrome
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an autoimmune disorder causing blood vessels to spasm when exposed to cold
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recombinant
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formation of new combinations of genes
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reconstitution
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putting back together the original parts or elements
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recur
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happen again
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refractory
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not responding to treatment
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regeneration
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re-growth of a structure or of lost tissue
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regimen
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pattern of giving treatment
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relapse
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the return of a disease
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remission
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disappearance of evidence of cancer or other disease
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remuneration
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payment for participation in research; this is different from compensation, which typically refers to payment for research-related injuries
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renal
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pertaining to the kidneys
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replicable
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possible to duplicate
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resect
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remove or cut out surgically
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respiratory failure
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difficulty breathing with low levels of oxygen in the blood, which could be serious and life threatening and require you to have a tube inserted into your windpipe that is hooked up to a machine to help you breathe
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rhabdomyolysis
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rhabdomyolysis is a breakdown of muscle fibers.
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rigors
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chills and shivering
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S
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saline
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salt water solution
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sarcoma
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a type of cancer
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secretion
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release
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sedative
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a drug to calm or make less anxious
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seizures
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convulsions
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seminoma
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a type of testicular cancer (found in the male sex glands)
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sequentially
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in a row, in order
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side effects
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any undesired actions or effects of a drug or treatment
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simultaneous
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at the same time
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somnolence
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sleepiness
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specimen
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a sample, as of human tissue, blood or urine, used for diagnostic or pathological analyses
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spirometer
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an instrument to measure the amount of air taken into and exhaled from the lungs
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staging
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an evaluation of the extent of the disease
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stenosis
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narrowing of a duct, tube, or one of the blood vessels in the heart
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Stevens-Johnson
syndrome
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skin condition that causes painful blisters and sores of the skin and mucous membranes, especially in the mouth
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stimuli
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something which causes a change
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stomatitis
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mouth sores, inflammation of the mouth
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stupor
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stunned state in which it is difficult to get a response or the attention of the subject
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subclavian
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under the collarbone
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subcutaneous
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under the skin
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supine
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lying on the back
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supine position
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lying on the back
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supplement
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add
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supportive care
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general medical care aimed at symptoms, not intended to improve or cure underlying disease
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syndrome
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a condition characterized by a set of symptoms
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systolic
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top number in blood pressure; pressure during active contraction of the heart
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T
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T-lymphocytes
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type of white blood cells
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tachycardia
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fast heart rate
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teratogenic
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capable of causing malformations in a fetus (developing baby still inside the mother’s body)
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testes/testicles
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male sex glands
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thrombocytopenia
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Low number of platelets, which may cause bleeding and bruising. May require a blood transfusion. Bleeding may be serious or life threatening.
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thrombosis
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clotting
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thrombus
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blood clot
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tinnitus
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ringing in the ears
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titration
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gradually increasing the dose
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topical
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on the surface
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topical anesthetic
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applied to a certain area of the skin and reducing pain only in the area to which applied
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toxicity
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side effects or undesirable effects of a drug or treatment
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transdermal
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through the skin
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transiently
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temporarily
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trauma
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injury; wound
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U
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uptake
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absorbing and taking in of a substance by living tissue
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urticaria
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hives
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V
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valvuloplasty
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plastic repair of a valve, especially a heart valve
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varices
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enlarged veins
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vasospasm
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narrowing of the blood vessels
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vector
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a carrier that can transmit disease-causing microorganisms (germs and viruses)
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venipuncture
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needle stick, blood draw, entering the skin with a needle
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visual disturbances
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inability to see properly.
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